Packaging Knowledge:
An Information Continuum


Hari Srinivas
  1. Abstracts
  2. Acronyms
  3. Addresses
  4. Advertisements
  5. Advertisements
  6. Advice
  7. Advice
  8. Alerts
  9. Analysis
  10. Analysis
  11. Announcements
  12. Archives
  13. Artwork
  14. Atlas
  15. Audio
  16. Awards
  17. Best Practices
  18. Bibliographies
  19. Biographies
  20. Books
  21. Briefs
  22. Brochures
  23. Bulletins
  24. Calendar
  25. Cartoons
  26. Case Studies
  27. Catalogues
  28. Cause-and-effect
  29. CD-ROMs
  30. Charts
  31. Charts
  32. Checklists
  33. Chronicles
  34. Collections
  35. Columns
  36. Commentaries
  37. Comments
  38. Concepts
  39. Courses
  40. Data
  41. Databases
  42. Definitions
  43. Demonstrations
  44. Designs
  45. Diaries
  46. Dictionaries
  47. Directories
  48. Documents
  49. Drawings
  50. Editorial
  51. Email
  52. Encyclopaedia
  53. Essays
  54. Events
  55. Examples
  56. Excerpts
  57. Exercises
  58. Exhibitions
  59. Extracts
  60. Fact Sheets
  61. FAQs
  62. Feedback
  63. Films
  64. Findings
  65. Fliers
  66. Flip-charts
  67. Forecasts
  68. Forums
  69. Frameworks
  70. Glossaries
  71. Good Practices
  72. Graphics
  73. Guidelines
  74. Guides
  75. Handouts
  76. Headlines
  77. Highlights
  78. Hypotheses
  79. Ideas
  80. Images
  81. Indicators
  1. Insights
  2. Introductions
  3. Issues
  4. Jokes
  5. Journals
  6. Keywords
  7. Lectures
  8. Letters
  9. Links
  10. Lists
  11. Manuals
  12. Maps
  13. Media Advisories
  14. Messages
  15. Methods
  16. Models
  17. Modules
  18. Namecards
  19. Newsletters
  20. Newspapers
  21. Notes
  22. Notices
  23. One-pagers
  24. Opinions
  25. Outlines
  26. Overviews
  27. Pamphlets
  28. Papers
  29. Patterns
  30. Periodicals
  31. Photographs
  32. Plans
  33. Posters
  34. Practices, best/good
  35. Presentations
  36. Press Kits
  37. Profiles
  38. Prototypes
  39. Questions
  40. Recommendations
  41. References
  42. Reports
  43. Reviews
  44. Samples
  45. Scenarios
  46. Screenshots
  47. Series
  48. Showcases
  49. Sketches
  50. Slides
  51. Snapshots
  52. Software
  53. Solutions
  54. Speeches
  55. Spotlight
  56. Standards
  57. Statements
  58. Statistics
  59. Stories
  60. Strategies
  61. Studies
  62. Suggestions
  63. Summaries
  64. Survey
  65. Systems
  66. Tables
  67. Talks
  68. Testimonials
  69. Themes
  70. Timelines
  71. Tools
  72. Topics
  73. Trends
  74. Tutorials
  75. Updates
  76. Videos
  77. Views
  78. Websites
  79. White papers
  80. Workbooks
  81. Working Papers
The value of knowledge can be realized only when it is disseminated and shared - and used. The objective of this document is to list out the various formats in which knowledge can be packaged and discuss the circumstances under which these formats are used.

The collection listed below is broad. Some focus on the format of presentation, and some on the content of the message. Some use graphics to deliver the message, some use text. Some present the message in listed points or in summary/abstract format, some in descriptive/verbose format. Some formats are temporal, short-term or long-term, others atemporal. Some formats are specificaly developed for online dissemination environments, others offline - still others are appropriate for both environments.

The collection is therefore a continuum, an information continuum, where the position of an information format changes as the defining scales of the continuum itself change. The scales could be - size of the target audience, volume of info to be disseminated etc. Selecting an appropriate information packging format depends on a number of factors: (a) the problem or issue being addressed, (b) the decision-making process, (c) the information user/stakeholder - type as well as number of users, (d) the level/scale at which the activities are taking place, (e) the intended effect of providing the information, and (f) the medium through which the information is delivered.

Study the list carefully. Try to associate the format with the information in hand - and see how the message changes its 'digestability' depending on the format used. And answer the following questions: what is the message that is being delivered? What appripriate medium can be used for the purpose? Who are the target audience (including the type of audience, number and scale at which they function)? When, where and how is the actual dissemination to take place? The answer to these and related questions will help in selecting the appropriate format!


The same body of data can be used for different dissemination purposes, by modifiying the information format used.

The list is in no way complete or exhaustive. The list was developed by scanning websites, library materials, newsletters and bulletins etc. Some may seem silly ('jokes'), or inappropriate ('spotlights' or talks'), or not quite an info format ('acronyms'), or simply the same ('snapshots' and 'photos'). But the objective behind this list is not to document or list all information formats, but to emphasize the need to think differently. Information dissemination is done not just through a 'book' or 'report' (yes, both are included in the list!) - but there are many, many other ways in which info can be presented, depending on the intended effect. Thus the same body of data or information can have totally different effects on its users, depending on the format used.

This approach is epitomised by the 'information pyramid'. Usually, only the top 'finished' information is visible or disseminated. Other interim formats, including the base - raw data - is simply not used and is lost except for the people actually generating the data. But these interim stages of information is equally important to create different types of useage and intended effects on the target audience.


Needless to say, if you have an addition to the above list, please do send it to Hari Srinivas at hsrinivas@gdrc.org
 Hari Srinivas - hsrinivas@gdrc.org
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