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The Trialogue
on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Desertification
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Current Status
Climate Change
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
Biodiversity
UN Convention on Biological Diversity
Desertification
UN Convention to Combat Desertification
  • Completed: COP 29 in Baku, Azerbaijan (11-22 November 2024)
  • Next major event: COP 30 in Belem, Brazil (November 2025)
  • Other upcoming: COP 31 planned in Antalya, Turkey (2026). Also see website
  • Membership (update): 197 Parties (196 countries + European Union)
Ratification: As of 2026, 197 Parties (196 countries + European Union)
  • Completed: COP 16 in Cali, Colombia (21 Oct - 1 Nov 2024; resumed Feb 2025 in Rome)
  • Next major event: COP 17 in Yerevan, Armenia (October 2026). For other events, see website
  • Other notes: Focus remains on implementing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
Ratification: As of 2026, 196 Parties (virtually all countries except a few non-signatories)
  • Completed: COP 16 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2-13 December 2024)
  • Next major event: COP 17 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (2026). For other events, see website
  • Other notes: Strong focus on land restoration and drought resilience
Ratification: As of 2026, 197 Parties (196 countries + European Union)
All three conventions are now aligned around post-2024 implementation phase, moving on from the negotiation phase. The post-2024 implementation phase marks the shift from negotiating global agreements like the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to delivering measurable national and local actions, backed by finance, monitoring, and accountability.